The Characteristics Of The Arnold Friend - 1436 Words

Many authors look for inspiration in ways such as reflecting on past experiences, art, movies, history, or even nature. There are endless ways to develop new ideas in our everyday lives. In 1966, author Joyce Carol Oates was inspired to write a short story in a very peculiar way. While reading Life Magazine, she stumbled across an article about a serial killer with a bazar style and personality, which prompted her to write one of her most famous works to date. In the short story â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been,† Joyce Carol Oates uses characteristics of serial killer Charles Howard Schmid Jr. to develop her fictional character Arnold Friend. Charles Howard Schmid Jr. was convicted of murdering three girls in the mid-sixties. He†¦show more content†¦Charles Schmid’s accomplice came in the form of John Saunders, a close friend of Schmid’s. Together, Schmid and Saunders picked up Alleen Rowe, convincing her to get in the car and tag along on a double date with them and another girl. They later drove her out to the desert and beat her to death with a rock (Gribben). In the story, Arnold Friend also features an accomplice, a menacing creep named Ellie Oscar. Similarly to John Saunders, Ellie Oscar plays a quiet, right-hand-man role, letting his ally do most of the work. The unmistakable resemblances between Charles Schmid’s and Arnold Friend’s accomplices point towards Joyce Carol Oates directly basing her character on the tactics of the real life serial killer. Joyce Carol Oates also based Arnold Friend’s stature off of Charles Schmid, the Pied Piper of Tucson. Charles Schmid was well known for being a short, well built individual. He was small but very athletic, having an accomplished career in gymnastics (Moser). Charles Schmid’s build and background in gymnastics is what was able to give him the physical ability to perform the multiple murders. Oates likely wanted to give Arnold Friend thos e same characteristics to make the story as realistic and as similar to the actual murders as possible. We can tell that Arnold Friend also features a muscular appearance when Connie describes him: â€Å"He looked as if he probablyShow MoreRelatedThe Hidden Identity of Arnold Friend Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hidden Identity of Arnold Friend The world is full of people who portray themselves as someone or something else. People usually hide their identity to obtain things that they want. It is common to be fooled by someones appearance. In Joyce Carol Oatess, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been, Arnold Friend is an example of someone trying to trick another person into believing that he is something that he is not. In the story, a girl named Connie is confronted by a man who is tryingRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been By Joyce Carol Oates1032 Words   |  5 Pagesthese people genuinely? Arnold Friend, in the short story, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been† by Joyce Carol Oates, managed to deceive with his false characteristics. Arnold Friend was brought to life from Oates’s imagination of the mischievous serial killer Charles Schmid. Arnold Friend and Charles Schmid similarly attempted to delude with false attributes, had an interest in women, deceived women, both tried to create a false imagine for themselves, however Friend knew about everything aboutRead MoreSimilarities Between The Devil And Arnold Friend907 Words   |  4 PagesCarol Oates’ â€Å"short story† â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?†, a fifteen year old girl named Connie comes face-to-face with a man named Arnold Friend. Oates successful ly portrays the similarities between Arnold Friend and the Devil through plot, setting, and characterization. Throughout the text, Oates shows the reader Arnold Friend’s characteristic sinister ability to draw in Connie and manipulate her through what she loves the most. The data reveals, â€Å"He lifted his friend’s arm and showedRead MoreArnold Friend In Where Are You Going, Where Hare You Been? Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pagesand depraved actions. None, however, have struck such a devastatingly creepy chord as Arnold Friend of Joyce Carol Oates Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Seducer of young girls and embodiment of Lucifer, Arnold Friend is anything but a friend. Arnold Friend is presented through both actions and appearances, and these combine to diminish his likeability, while adding to his devilish persona. Although Arnold Friends traits are never stated outright, they are presented through his speech andRead MoreEssay About Arnold Friend1388 Words   |  6 Pageslevel. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† is a short story written by Joyce Carol Oates. Through her writing, she expresses the devil with her use of the character, Arnold Friend. Throughout this story, one can tell Arnold Friend is a symbolic Satan through his description, use of language, and his knowledge. Arnold Friend’s physical description resembles Bob Dylan’s appearance, but the devil is known to take on tempting forms. One source goes on to claim that â€Å"Arnold’s â€Å"shaggy, shabby blackRead More Reality is Like A Dream in Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been by Joyce Carol Oates1520 Words   |  7 Pagesmet†(28). This daydreaming behavior is observable to the reader throughout the story. From theories about dreams, theories about subconscious thought, and the clues that Oates provides, the reader is lead to believe that Connie’s experience with Arnold Friend is a nightmare used to awaken her to the consequences that her behavior could result in. Have you ever experienced a dream or a nightmare that seemed like reality? Most people in the world today would say that they have. Although this realisticRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1573 Words   |  7 PagesIn Sherman Alexie’s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Arnold is a teenager living on a reservation in Spokane Washington. There, Arnold grows up aware of his limitations as an Indian and understands the difficulties that his parents had to endure growing up. He keeps these in mind as he gets older and makes the decision to leave the reservation. Throughout his journey, Arnold acknowledges the people who helped him along the way and who encouraged him to surpass his fears and to overcomeRead MoreArnold Friend Symbolizes the Devil in Where are you Going, Where Have you been? by Joyce Carol Oates533 Words   |  3 Pagestrying to persuade her to take a ride with him. He introduces himself as Arnold Friend a nd kindly asks her to come with him but she refused. He then threatens Connie and her family. She is then forced outside and leaves with Arnold Friend. Arnold Friend clearly symbolizes the devil through his physical traits, his knowledge of Connie, and his power over her kind of like he was hypnotizing her to go with him. First, Arnold Friend’s physical traits portray him as Satan. Oates says that â€Å"There wereRead MoreThe Invisible Man Character Analysis1150 Words   |  5 PagesMan, is egotistical and selfish, but this is just his outer emotions. Throughout the story there are hints at a complex background behind the famed invisible man that contribute to the reason for his erratic behavior. This is the same with the Arnold Friend, the main antagonist for Wells short story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? For instance there are suggestions about Friend’s self hate of his appearance and actions. Therefore this might provide a reason for his unstable personalityRead MoreArnold Friend Character Analysis853 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 21011 James Friend Spells ‘Sociopath’ The persona of a sociopath appears to be much like any human. In many cases, one would not be able to pick him out of a crowd. Their minds, however, differ greatly from the average mind. A sociopath is extremely smart and methodical and most often is very meticulous in the way in which he acts. While many people are not thinking beyond the norm, a psychopath thinks about his every breath, step, and word. In the short story Where are you

Air Pollution Is A Serious Problem - 1507 Words

Air pollution is a serious problem in our society that damages many things such as crops, trees, plants, and natural resources. Air pollution can be indoor or outdoors, when people smoke or vehicles exhaust pollutes the air. It is an additional harmful substance that damages environment, human health, and quality of life. The state of Minnesota has taken this into consideration and decided to protect its residence and visitor’s well-being and health. As stated in the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), â€Å"Secondhand smoke is a leading cause of preventable death in the United States. In 2005, it was estimated that, each year exposure to secondhand smoke in the United States kills more than 3,000 adult nonsmokers from lung cancer and†¦show more content†¦Since then, the Act underwent many alterations, which were implemented by different states and local officials to meet its criteria. Through the years, awareness against smoking has grown indefinitely and the harmful effects in environments, insisting to create policies. The state of Minnesota passed a policy in 2007 that is called the Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act. The policy in Minnesota’s legislation was passed to regulate where smoking tobacco is permitted in the state. The Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act (MCIAA) was first enacted in 1975 in order to protect the public health and the environment. The purpose of the policy is to protect the people from the hazards of secondhand smoke, by prohibiting smoking in employment places, public transportation, and at public meeting areas where people socialize. Basically smoking in any indoor place like bars, restaurants, hospitals, vehicles, and factories are prohibited. The department of health enforces the (MCIAA) and also fines up to 10,000 against proprietors who violate the policy. If caught smoking in a public place where smoking is prohibited, an individual can be cited with a misdemeanor. Even the local government can enact sticker measures than the ones provided in the (MCIAA) to prevent secondhand smoke. People who control public places are also the responsible parties for enforcing the policy

Analyzing Current Issues Affecting Tourism - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysing Current Issues Affecting Tourism. Answer: Introduction Hospitality is a wide category of different fields that are related to the service business which further includes event planning, theme parks, lodging, cruise line and transportation. This industry is worth multi-million dollars and it is mainly dependent on the leisure time of the people and their disposable income as well. The main aim of the hospitality industry is to take care of the customers and providing them the best of services. The constant expansion of hospitality industry promotes the growth in the multicultural changing environment (de Grosbois 2016). Tourism industry is related to the business of travelling for pleasure and it also includes other activities such as, accommodating, attracting and entertaining the tourists. The business can be global or domestic in nature and the international business of tourism is affected by the payment balance of the countries. Tourism acts as a major income source for numerous countries and this has an immense effect on the economies of both the countries including the source and the host countries (Kim, Vogt and Knutson 2015). Wellness tourism is related to the travel that is undertaken for promoting well-being and health with the help of psychological, physical or spiritual activities. Wellness tourism is mainly linked to medical tourism related to health interests so that the traveller can be motivated. The wellness tourists are mainly proactive while maintaining and improving quality of life and health (Goodall and Ashworth 2013). Wellness tourists are high-yielding in nature and they tend to spend around 130 percent greater than the average tourists. The revenues that are earned from the wellness tourists is much more as compared to the average tourists. Wellness tourism is hence considered to be a booming industry and is gaining popularity all over the world (Legrand, Sloan and Chen 2016). Thailand is a country which is quite well-known in the medical or wellness tourism and they also promote wellness tourism all over the world. Analysis of the significant issues for future growth and development in Hospitality and Tourism Industry Wellness tourism is a rapidly growing niche industry that can hit 680 billion dollars within the next few years. The industry of wellness tourism is expanding much faster as compared to the average tourism industry. The tourism industry in Thailand welcomes those people who mainly travel to pursue activities that tend to enhance their well-being and health. The wellness tourists mainly seek approaches related to prevention and wellness so that they can improve their health (Han et al. 2017). There are many different treatments that are offered by wellness tourism industries in Thailand which are, wellness spas, medical spas, anti-ageing and holistic treatments, cardiology, traditional Thai massage, primary stroke, low back pain, breast cancer, dental treatments, lung cancer and many more (Kandampully, Zhang and Bilgihan 2015). Figure 1. (Han and Hyun 2015) Positive The wellness tourism industry of Thailand has many positive impacts on the health and the levels of human resources and the caring quality of public systems of health. The industry of wellness tourism has mainly created many new opportunities of training for the local health administrators (Riley 2014). This has further increased access to the services that are considered to be speciality services for the normal local population. The sector of wellness tourism has been able to create much more appealing conditions of working for the health experts (Han and Hyun 2015). This has acted as an encouragement for the local health workers in Thailand to pursue their occupation in the country itself. The local health workers have therefore been able to showcase their abilities in this industry. The tourists and the natives can therefore gain a lot from the capabilities of the health workers. Negative The development related to medical tourism in the private sectors of the country has been drawing the resources from public sector which has further reduced the access to the facilities by the local people (Wang, Tsai and Tsai 2014). The waiting time for the services have also increased in the process and the shortage of health workers have increased as well. Many ethical issues have been faced by the process of Wellness tourism in the country. The increase in the number beauty and enhancement treatments have negatively affected this industry (Jones et al. 2016). The mistakes that occur in this process can further affect the reputation of this industry. Recommendations The major issues that have been identified in the wellness tourism industry in Thailand are the development of private sector and problems occurring in the public sector, the major ethical issues that are raised as a result of the wellness tourism related practices and the increase in beauty treatments. Medical tourism or health tourism is not a new concept in the wellness industry of Thailand. The major problem related to the business in this sector is that the revenues that are earned in this business are not passed to public sector. The services of wellness tourism are promoted by the government, however, the entire revenue goes in the funds of the private hospitals or wellness centres. This has been causing drain of funds and revenues from the government and the health experts are also more attracted towards the private sector. The expertise of the health workers is used for the comfort and pleasure of the foreign tourists and this factor does not go well with the tax payers of the country who are not being able to get the facilities that are provided. The health workers are also not willing to understand the problems and demands of the common people of the country. The disconnection between the medical workers and the common people is the major issue related to wellness tourism in the country. This issue can be solved if the government organizations can provide similar services to the common citizens so that all can have access to the facilities that are provided by the wellness industry. The health workers can also be attracted more towards the public sector so that they can use their expertise to not provide the services to the foreign tourists, also to the common citizens of the country. The second issue that has been identified in the research is the problem related to ethics that are followed in the Thai culture. The major ethics related to the business in Thai culture is mainly the formation of long-term relationships with the clients. The problems that are faced by the tourists in the wellness industry are disclosure of all related facts so that they can make their decisions accordingly. The honesty that needs to be depicted by the health workers and other executives who are related to this industry is the major factor that can attract the tourists. The lack of honesty can thereby cause the loss of the interest of the tourists towards the wellness centres. The issue can be resolved by promoting and advertising the industry by providing all types of relevant information to the tourists. This can help the tourists who wish to enhance their health to take well-informed decisions. The ethics that are followed in the Thai culture can also affect the industry in many w ays. The ethical values that are followed by the corporate organizations affect the ethical culture of the organizations and affect the decision-making process. The importance of the ethics to business organizations have an association with the long-term profits of the business. The third issue is the increase in the treatments related to boob jobs, lip jobs and many other activities to enhancement of the features of the body. The negative impacts that are faced by the patients after the failure of such treatments is a major drawback for the industry. The appointment of expert health professionals in the wellness centres can help in solving this issue. The health experts can provide better services to the tourists so that the tourists do not face any issues related to the different enhancements of body features. This will help in increasing the popularity of the industry and thereby solving the issues as well. References de Grosbois, D., 2016. Corporate social responsibility reporting in the cruise tourism industry: A performance evaluation using a new institutional theory based model.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,24(2), pp.245-269. Goodall, B. and Ashworth, G. eds., 2013.Marketing in the Tourism Industry (RLE Tourism): The Promotion of Destination Regions. Routledge. Han, H. and Hyun, S.S., 2015. Customer retention in the medical tourism industry: Impact of quality, satisfaction, trust, and price reasonableness.Tourism Management,46, pp.20-29 Han, H., Kiatkawsin, K., Jung, H. and Kim, W., 2017. The role of wellness spa tourism performance in building destination loyalty: the case of Thailand.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, pp.1-16. Jones, P., Jones, P., Hillier, D., Hillier, D., Comfort, D. and Comfort, D., 2016. Sustainability in the hospitality industry: some personal reflections on corporate challenges and research agendas.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(1), pp.36-67. Kandampully, J., Zhang, T. and Bilgihan, A., 2015. Customer loyalty: a review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), pp.379-414. Kim, M., Vogt, C.A. and Knutson, B.J., 2015. Relationships among customer satisfaction, delight, and loyalty in the hospitality industry.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,39(2), pp.170-197. Legrand, W., Sloan, P. and Chen, J.S., 2016.Sustainability in the hospitality industry: Principles of sustainable operations. Routledge. Riley, M., 2014.Human resource management in the hospitality and tourism industry. Routledge Wang, C.J., Tsai, H.T. and Tsai, M.T., 2014. Linking transformational leadership and employee creativity in the hospitality industry: The influences of creative role identity, creative self-efficacy, and job complexity.Tourism Management,40, pp.79-89.

Question Of Being Essays - Philosophy, Belief, Philosophy Of Life

Question of Being annon Many events were unexplainable and maybe even seemed to be magical before science evolved to what it is today. All questions relating to the origin of life can be answered scientifically. The creation of the universe and all events since can be explained. One may question their beliefs based on scientific theory. Human life can even be broken down to fundamental theory. Not only geological or biological, but all events can be answered scientifically. One^?s belief in a god or a higher being may help in dealing with the rigors of life and create a sense of security. All base their lives on some sort of belief. This belief however is different for everyone. The actions of a religious person stem from their belief in a god. A person may act morally and responsibly in hopes that they will receive good judgement upon departure from this earth. No one can say for certain if there is a heaven or a hell, but obviously a religious person would rather not go to the later of the two. This is not to say, that one whom does not believe in a god does not act morally or responsibly. An atheist^?s actions do not stem from the fear of judgement from god but rather from the judgement of society. Religious and non-religious people alike will most likely base their actions on their conception of the highest ethical good. I consider myself to be sort of an existentialist. This encompasses the scope of individual existence and individual freedom. Life, I believe is based in its entirety on one goal that is different for everyone. Two things are ultimately correct, the certainty of death and the meaninglessness of one^?s life. Once a person determines his goal, he must pursue it with a white-hot passion in order for happiness to be obtained. Camus^? theory of the ^?absurd^? is a belief, which I hold very highly. This theory explains that one will spend every moment of his life chasing the same goal, which he has set for himself, and that life is in fact monotonous. In this monotony happiness is reached but can also be questioned upon the realization of life^?s meaningless pursuit of one goal. At moments in everyone^?s life, they will suddenly become aware of life^?s absurdity. To one, life may seem meaningless, but looking at the ^?big picture^? life is insignificant. While suffering the knowledge that one^?s life is meaningless and entirely monotonous, one must find happiness in life. This quote from The Myth of Sisyphus by Camus may help to explain how happiness and the absurd must go hand in hand. ^?Happiness and the absurd are two children of the same earth, they are inseparable.^? If happiness can not be found in one^?s life then it is not worth living. If one feels they are not subject to the judgement of god, I can only hope that in their pursuit of happiness they feel the judgement of society. Sadly but truly, there are those among us who feel no moral responsibility. I am uncertain, as is everyone, to what the afterlife will hold. There may be a heaven and a hell, but there is no concrete evidence supporting this. As is there no evidence supporting the belief that there is no afterlife. Quite a few people wish to live forever and in doing this adopt the idea of the afterlife. Camus believed that, ^?Men are never really willing to die except for the sake of freedom: therefore they do not believe in dying completely.^? I believe many people live with the hope that they will die physically, they will spiritually live forever in the kingdom of heaven. Many live their lives in anticipation of an afterlife, which after all may not exist. The goal, which these people have set for themselves, includes spending an eternity in heaven. Some may ask if in fact, these lives were wasted in pursuit of an afterlife, which may only be fictional. I believe that one^?s life is not wasted if he has found happiness. John Paul Sartre once said, ^?One is still what one is going to cease to be and already what one is going to become. One lives one^?s death, one dies one^?s life.^? I don ^?t think it is very intelligent to live your life in anticipation of your death. I live my life trying to obtain a goal. Day in and day out I chase after this same goal. realizing my life is globally meaningless and monotonous, I find happiness in the

Implication of Total Quality Management (Tqm) in Motorola Industry Essay Example

Implication of Total Quality Management (Tqm) in Motorola Industry Essay Example Implication of Total Quality Management (Tqm) in Motorola Industry Paper Implication of Total Quality Management (Tqm) in Motorola Industry Paper Implication of Total Quality Management (TQM) in Motorola industry Total Quality Management: Motorola Quality System Review or QSR Introduction Total quality management is considered as a management approach that was first used during the 1950’s and has become popular during the early of 1980’s. Total quality is considered as a total description of the  culture, attitude as well as the organization of the company that is in focus of providing their customers with their  productsor services that will meet the demands and preferences of their customers. Furthermore, the  culture  requires quality in all aspects of the company’s operations, with the different processes that are being done right the first time and defects as well as the waste eradicated from the different operations (Hashmi 2008). TQM is a method that is used where in the management as well as the employees are all involved in their continuous improvement of the production of goods as well as services. It can also be considered as the combination of quality as well as the different  management tools  that focus at the increasing the growth of the business as well as reducing the losses that was caused by different unimportant or useless practices (Hashmi 2008). Motorola is only one of many companies that apply the principle of TQM in their organizational  culture. Motorola Inc focuses on their sales victory in  the global  market in the industry of electronic  components  as well as equipment. The company is doing it by improving the quality of their  products  by improving their productivity and overall performance (Baldrige National Quality Program 2002). During 1981, the company had launched their ambitious project that drives for a tenfold of improvement in the quality of their  products  as well as their services. The said project had been successful; the evidence is that most of the  products  of the company are considered as number one or the best in their class. The company is still striving for the best and looking forward to target their goal of  Zero defects in everything we do  (Baldrige National Quality Program 2002). With accordance to the said project, the managers of the said company are also literally carrying the corporate objective of the company and that is the total  customer  satisfaction. They are wearing a pocket that has a  printed  card that states the said objective. Furthermore, those upper management officials are also open in serving their customers by wearing pagers in order for them to be available to their customers. Furthermore, they are also visiting the different businesses of their customers in order to conduct a  survey that  will let the company know about their customers’ likes as well as dislikes towards their  products  (Baldrige National Quality Program 2002). Above all, the company is also implementing a system that handles the information and data that have been gathered using the all-embracing network of the  customer  surveys, complaint hotlines, filed audits as well as other significant measures about the feedback of the customers, together with the guidelines in planning for the quality improvement and development of the  product  (Baldrige National Quality Program 2002). Quality-Assessment Systems In order to evaluate as well as improve the quality-system maturity of any organization, there are many quality-assessment systems, quality-audit systems as well as international, local as well as military standards that vary in level of scope, depth and the purpose (Craig 1996, p. 730). Maturity models are commonly a subset of an assessment system that is designed in order to assist as well as to test for the maturity of a specific element that is included in quality model. If you are going to look at the element-by-element basis, the approach of the organization to an element that is being reviewed for the strategic linkage, depth as well as the appropriateness of the application. On the other hand, the deployment is being reviewed in order to determine the scope in which the approach is being implemented; the results will again be reviewed with relation to the appropriate benchmarks as well as the rates of improvement (Craig 1996, p. 730). In order to do the quality-assessment systems, an organization that will be assessed is consulted in ahead of time. The said organization will be given a chance in order to  input  into the process. When the said event happens, the organization that is about to be reviewed will request for the request of comprehensive lists of different strengths, together with the opportunities for the improvement that serves as the outputs from the different processes. Eventually, a reasonable amount of learning will be taken place throughout the process of assessment (Craig 1996, p. 30). Once the assessment has been done, an important opportunity for the training department to review the output of the assessment as well as to put up a strategy for training and improvement plan (Craig 1996, p. 730). Motorola Quality System Review or QSR The quality system review or QSR is part of the total  quality management program  of Motorola. It serve as an assessment vehicle where in the corporation e valuates the continuing health of the quality system in each of the major business unit as well as suppliers of the company. The main focus of the said program is to identify the image of the how the business should be conducted. Furthermore, it also focus on the setting the common goal of perfection that help to provide an awareness of the quality-system requirements across the whole organization (Craig 1996, p. 730p. 730). Above all, the said project is a method that is used in order to give opportunity for the cross-fertilization of different ideas as well as serve to a routinely refocus of the organization to the quality of their  product  (Craig 1996, p. 30p. 730). The main method that is used in the said project is a formally documented QSR form for assessment, together with the procedures review. The review team handles the entire project that reflects the macro view of the different  subjects  from the different business unit as well as suppliers (Craig 1996, p. 730p. 730). It is considered as a formal survey where in the  customer  evaluates the continuing health of the supplierâ€℠¢s quality system. It is intended to lead to continuous improvement as well as to assure that the quality system of the supplier is effective in order to achieve the total satisfaction of the customers. The main purpose of the QSR of Motorola is to assess and therefore, compare the quality system of the supplier to the ideal system. Furthermore, the process of reviewing the quality subsystem can help the company to know more about their strengths, weaknesses as well as the opportunities that will open for the improvement (Weinstein Johnson 1999, p. 218). The QSR is designed in order to assess the quality of the efforts that are being exerted by every division (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). Quality System Review and Organizational Change In order for the company to deal with the project of the Total Quality Management or the TQM, reorganization is a must. The company had been able to recreate their organizational structure based on the plan of the TQM, and that is to connect all of the stakeholders of the company from the upper level management up to the lower level management, together with the customers as well as the suppliers. The upper level management of the company had been able to implement several quality trainings in order to make sure that the negative effects that will be encountered by the company during the change will be prevented. Table 1 shows the quality training of the managers of the company with accordance to the implementation of the project of quality system review. Table 1 Quality Training Senior Executives |Basic awareness |Strategic quality |Conducting quality |Motivating teams |Correlating results | | | |planning |reviews | | | |Middle Managers |Basic awareness |Conducting |Effective action |Implementing solutions |Managing quality | | | |self-assessment |planning | |improvement | |Manufacturing Associates |Basic awareness |Quality tool training |Interpreting data |Team problem solving |Implement solutions | |Administrative and |Basic awareness |Quality tool training |Interpreting data |Team problem solving |Implement solutions | |Support | | | | | | In order for the company to imple ment their project of application their internal quality management, they had been able to train the different upper level management or those managers who belongs to the upper position. The said process has been done in order to make sure that they know the different strategies and plan that must be done in order to follow the general protocol or standard of the company in terms of quality control with accordance to their total quality management. The primary reason of the company about the application of their own internal Quality System Review is to survive during their time. It is due to the fact that during the said time, the company had struggle from their competitor due to the fact that the quality of their products are not that high. That is the reason why the company decided to focus on meeting the needs and demands of their customers with regards to the reliability as well as the usability of their products (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). That is why the company had decided to increase their participation in the process of goal-setting as well as the increase in the involvement in the process of improving the culture of the quality in the organization as a whole (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233) Quality System Review and Management In order for the company to implement their Total Quality Management as well as to prevent the negative impact of change in the mentality as well as performance of the employees towards the company. The QSR have been implemented. The QSR had helped the company to connect to their employees in order to make sure that they are being understood as well as being followed by the employees. Furthermore, the said project enables the company to promote unity as well as teamwork inside the company. In addition to that, the said project also enables the company to promote initiative inside the company (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The management of the company had decided to create their scoring system in order to evaluate the performance of a specific department. For instance, a category can examine the quality of management systems. On the other hand, one sub-category under the said title will be concerned with the extent that the management solicits, accepts as well as rewards feedback from the work force itself (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). The scoring for the said element varies from poor meaning there is no system that exists for the solicitation of different ideas from the employees up to the outstanding, meaning, the individual or the group that is being assessed is practicing team unity and following the general standard of the company (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). The fact that the company had implemented the scoring approach, it had served as a driver for motivation due to the fact that having or garnering the rate of outstanding will serve as an ego-booster for the employees. That is the reason why they are striving and working at their best. The said project had helped to distribute good ides to the other parts of the organization as well as serve as an aid in the creative and empowering processes (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 234). That is why most of the employees are empowered in order to improve the different processes, transactions, services as well as administrative quality and they are active and involved in the quality improvement teams (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). Furthermore, the management of the company also provides different active leadership of the employees by letting them participate in the process of the continuous improvement (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). The main advantage of the management of the company is that it had been able to relate the goal setting to the effort of the employees or the forces of each individual from each and every unit, in order for them to be involved in the goal-setting and decision-making process (Cooper Locke 2000, p. 233). Conclusion The overall and continuous implementation of the Total Quality Management and Quality System Review of Motorola can be said that had been successful. That is due to the fact that the company had become one of the most successful companies in the world who applied the principle of TQM as well as one of the most awarded companies when it comes to their implementation of the QSR. Another important thing is that the customers of the company are satisfied about the products as well as the services that they are offering. That is why the company had become one of the most trusted brands worldwide. The company had been able to monitor the activities as well as the performance of its different stakeholders such as the suppliers. The suppliers are important because they are the one that provide the different important hardware as well as software that will help the company to produce and manufacture their product and sell it to market. The company is using its own Quality System Reviews towards their suppliers in order to assess the quality system of their suppliers every two years. They are being scored based on the items or subjects about the control over the processes as well as their ability to develop new products (United States General Accounting Office n. d. , p. 3). The said method or approach had helped the company to monitor the individual performance of its different business units, groups as well as the performance of an individual that helped to properly monitor the whole processes of the company that reflect to their performance. In terms of management, the company had been able to handle the different effects or impact of organizational change towards the motivation as wells as performance of their employees. The company also had enable to reconstruct or reorganize the physical and power structure of the company, in order for them to perform with accordance to the plan of initiative or team work. Another important aspect that had been showed by the company is the clearness of their communication process and communication activities throughout the implementation of the project as well as the maintenance process or stage of the company. The upper level management had been able to communicate well within their level as well as communicate and reach out to the lower management. The planning and controlling phase of the said project had been implemented and deployed properly due to the fact that their have been many programs and activities that had been done such as mentoring and coaching. The said two practices are considered as two of the most important approach or method that can be used in the project management in order to lessen as well as prevent the bad or negative impact of the change to the mentality and performance of the employees. The said planning and controlling process of the company had been able to prevent the refusal to change of the employees by letting them know the real reason behind the project as well as it’s positive impact to them as well as to the overall performance of the company. References: Cooper, G Locke, E 2000,  Industrial and Organizational Psychology,  Blackwell Publishing Craig, R (ed. ) 1996,  The ASTD Training and Development Handbook: A Guide to Human Resource Development,  4th  edn. McGraw-Hill Professional Haynes, M 2002,  Project Management: Practical Tools for Success,  Thomson Crisp Learning Hashmi, K 2008,  Introduction and Implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM),  iSixSigma, viewed 16 April 2008, Heerkens, G 2001,  Project Management,  McGraw-Hill Professional Lewis, J 2002,  Fundamentals of Project Management: Developing Core Competencies to Help Outperform the Competition,  2nd  edn. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn Malcom Baldrige National Quality Award 1988 Winner Motorola Inc. 2002, Balbridge National Quality Program, viewed 16 April 2008, Meredith, J Mantel, S 2005,  Project Management: A Managerial Approach,  John Wiley United States General Accounting Office,  Best Practices Commercial Quality Assurance,  DIANE Publishing Weinstein, Q Johnson, W 1999,  Designing and Delivering Superior Customer Value: Concepts, Cases and Applications,  CRC Press Read more:  http://webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cache:http://ivythesis. typepad. com/term_paper_topics/2010/04/total-quality-management-motorola-quality-system-review-or-qsr. html#ixzz1fl9om22k

The Associative and Commutative Properties

The Associative and Commutative Properties There are several mathematical properties that are used in statistics and probability; two of these, the commutative and associative properties, are generally associated with the basic arithmetic of integers, rationals, and real numbers, though they also show up in more advanced mathematics. These properties- the commutative and the associative- are very similar and can be easily mixed up. For that reason, it is important to understand the difference between the two. The commutative property concerns the order of certain mathematical operations. For a binary operation- one that involves only two elements- this can be shown by the equation a b b a. The operation is commutative because the order of the elements does not affect the result of the operation. The associative property, on the other hand, concerns the grouping of elements in an operation. This can be shown by the equation (a b) c a (b c). The grouping of the elements, as indicated by the parentheses, does not affect the result of the equation. Note that when the commutative property is used, elements in an equation are rearranged. When the associative property is used, elements are merely regrouped. Commutative Property Simply put, the commutative property states that the factors in an equation can be rearranged freely without affecting the outcome of the equation. The commutative property, therefore, concerns itself with the ordering of operations, including the addition and multiplication of real numbers, integers, and rational numbers. For example, the numbers 2, 3, and 5 can be added together in any order without affecting the final result: 2 3 5 10 3 2 5 10 5 3 2 10 The numbers can likewise be multiplied in any order without affecting the final result: 2 x 3 x 5 30 3 x 2 x 5 30 5 x 3 x 2 30 Subtraction and division, however, are not operations that can be commutative because the order of operations is important. The three numbers above cannot, for example, be subtracted in any order without affecting the final value: 2 - 3 - 5 -6 3 - 5 - 2 -4 5 - 3 - 2 0 As a result, the commutative property can be expressed through the equations a b b a and a x b b x a. No matter the order of the values in these equations, the results will always be the same. Associative Property The associative property states that the grouping of factors in an operation can be changed without affecting the outcome of the equation. This can be expressed through the equation a (b c) (a b) c. No matter which pair of values in the equation is added first, the result will be the same. For example, take the equation 2 3 5. No matter how the values are grouped, the result of the equation will be 10: (2 3) 5 (5) 5 10 2 (3 5) 2 (8) 10 As with the commutative property, examples of operations that are associative include the addition and multiplication of real numbers, integers, and rational numbers. However, unlike the commutative property, the associative property can also apply to matrix multiplication and function composition. Like commutative property equations, associative property equations cannot contain the subtraction of real numbers. Take, for example, the arithmetic problem (6 – 3) – 2 3 – 2 1; if we change the grouping of the parentheses, we have 6 – (3 – 2) 6 – 1 5, which changes the final result of the equation. What Is the Difference? We can tell the difference between the associative and the commutative property by asking the question, â€Å"Are we changing the order of the elements, or are we changing the grouping of the elements?† If the elements are being reordered, then the commutative property applies. If the elements are only being regrouped, then the associative property applies. However, note that the presence of parentheses alone does not necessarily mean that the associative property applies. For instance: (2 3) 4 4 (2 3) This equation is an example of the commutative property of addition of real numbers. If we pay careful attention to the equation, though, we see that only the order of the elements has been changed, not the grouping. For the associative property to apply, we would have to rearrange the grouping of the elements as well: (2 3) 4 (4 2) 3

Capital Budgeting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Capital Budgeting - Research Paper Example Firstly, capital expenditures require large expenditures of funds. Secondly, firms must find out the best approach to repay and raise these funds. Third, majority of the decisions of capital budgeting include a long-term assurance. Finally, the timing of the capital budgeting decisions is significant. When the firms raise large amount of funds, they need to consider the financial markets more attentively because the cost of capital is directly related to the current interest rate. In short, capital budgeting is the means of conducting cost-benefit analysis (Scribd, 2011). The requirement for important information and analysis of the alternatives of capital budgeting have inspired the development of a sequence of models to help firms in making the "best" allocation of resources. The extent to which the capital budgeting plays a significant role within the firm is determined by the following factors: The capital budgeting process must take into consideration the nature of investment proposals, for example, mutually exclusive or independent proposals. Individual proposals are those which are calculated individually and more than one proposal can be accepted or rejected. There are a number of capital budgeting techniques that firms can employ. These techniques do not always lead to the same accept-reject decision, thus it is essential to make a decision of what a good capital budgeting technique looks like. A perfect Capital Budget technique should be: There are two types of capital budgeting techniques namely sophisticated techniques and unsophisticated techniques. Although both the techniques use cash flows as their initial point to get to the result from which the ultimate decision can be taken, the main difference between the two is that sophisticated techniques take time value of money into account whereas the same is not in case of unsophisticated techniques. Sophisticated techniques include

Essay assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Assignment - Essay Example It is significant to appreciate that the lawfulness of the Education Act and its inherent relations to external affairs power. The federal state of Australia, as you are aware, is a member of Commonwealth parliament. Adoption of the Act by the federal government comes a week after passage of the same act by the Commonwealth assembly. The principal controversy follows inherent rejection of the Act by members of the opposition in our federal parliament. Just to recap the content of National Education Act 2015, it has a collection of relevant legislation to our current educational needs. The current National Education Acts clearly expounds details of an education institution and its role in the society. It identifies an education institution as any organization with a primary goal of providing instruction to pupils within the age of 5 years to 18 years in the relevant subjects such as mathematics and science literacy. It also encompasses the National Education Standards and defines it as the body of principles pertaining to the primary or secondary education. Ministry of Education must promulgate this body of principle to enable it take effect on any states education system (Zines, 2008). The inherent discussion centers on section 1(c) of the promulgated Act. This sub-section introduces the cause of disagreement in the past Act. It introduces the Commonwealth Education Proctor, as a representative of the Commonwealth to our education institutions including Kearneys Spring State School. The Commonwealth Educational Proctor does an oversight role on behalf of the Commonwealth on our education system and quality. It is mandatory, according to the Act, to have such an official in every Australian school (Zines, 2008). The Minister of Education has the power according to the Act of organizing for the appointment of Commonwealth Education Proctor in any member State of Commonwealth within all the respective

A frosty rime Essay Example for Free

A frosty rime Essay Early in the book the reader is encouraged to take a negative view of Scrooge through the following type of descriptions And even Scrooge was not so dreadfully cut up by the sad event, but he was an excellent man of business on the day of the funeral, this quotation shows that Scrooge is so cold and disrespectful that he would prefer to attend his business than go to his sole friend, and partners funeral. He was supposed to be the sole mourner at Marleys funeral, which makes you pity Marley that no one was mourning his death and despise Scrooge for being so mean and not paying his respects to his dead friend and partner. Dickens paints a picture of Scrooge in your head with a string of rapid adjectives such as a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous, old sinner! This use of negative descriptive language immediately creates an image of him, which makes the reader dislike him. Dickens uses words that relate to cold in his descriptions of scrooge, The cold within him froze, A frosty rime, chill, No wind that blew was bitterer and so on. He uses the word cold to put forward a view of Scrooge as a dark, cold, bitter person, and often reminds us of this by using these words throughout the beginning of the text. In fact between the pages 11 and 13 there are at least 30 words that are associated with the word cold. Most people enjoy Christmas but not Scrooge, whats Christmas but a time for paying bills without money; a time for finding yourself a year older, but not an hour richer; a time for balancing your books and having every item in em through a round dozen of months presented dead against you. This outburst of bad points about Christmas shocks the reader. How can anyone despise Christmas so much? This makes you question whether he has any emotions at all. We feel even more against Scrooge when he asked why his nephew got married and in reply his nephew answered, Because I fell in love. Then Scrooge replied, as if that were the only one thing in the world more ridiculous than merry Christmas. So for all the romantics out there this is a very cold, heartless thing to say. There is a complete dichotomy between Scrooge and his nephew one a kind, caring, cheerful man the other a cold, greedy, lonely man Scrooge said one of the meanest comments in the book after being asked to give a donation to the poor. He asked whether prisons and workhouses were still open and why the poor werent there. The men answered, Many cant go there; and many would rather die. And Scrooge said spitefully, If they would rather die they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population . At this point we have developed strong negative emotions and thoughts towards Scrooge. Even though the beginning of the story is packed with negative feelings about Scrooge there are some points where you sympathize with him Nobody ever stopped him in the street to say, with gladsome looks, My dear Scrooge, how are you? When will you come and see me? This partly explains why he has turned out the way he has as he is very lonely. This leads us to reflect on his childhood. He had a very lonely and neglected childhood, A solitary child, neglected by his friends, is left there still. You cant neglect children (this was a serious issue in Victorian Britain) and expect them to grow into caring adults. There are clear parallels between the lonely Christmases of his childhood and Scrooges current lifestyle, solitary as an oyster, thin lips blue. We understand and sympathize with Scrooge when the ghost of Marley haunts him, Marleys ghost is a stereotypical Victorian ghost, rattling chains, wailing etc. Most people would be scared if his or her dead partner and friend came back to them as a ghost. So was Scrooge although he makes out he had no emotions, Scrooge trembled more and more. Marley tried to warn Scrooge not to make the same mistake he did, I am here to-night to warn you, that you have yet a chance and hope of escaping my fate. Yet Scrooge still refuses to listen which shows he is stubborn, I I think Id rather not, But we can understand this, as he is very scared. In stave four we are looking through scrooges eyes at people who are criticising him. We sympathise with Scrooge when the men are discussing the dead man who we assume is Scrooge. We assume this because they imply the person is very stingy even when dead, Its likely to be a very cheap funeral. And that he is rich What has he done with his money. These men are very hypocritical. They are very rich yet they are bickering over Scrooges wealth. These men are mocking and laughing at this dead man and then considering just going to the funeral if food is provided, I dont mind if lunch is provided. This quotation shows that they have no respect for this man and makes us pity him. In the final stave there is a lot of humour behind Scrooge. He has become a kind, giving, joyful man, I am as light as a feather, as happy as an angel, as merry as a schoolboy. I am as giddy as a drunken man. This quotation makes us laugh at Scrooge, but also with him. The reader shifts his emotions and sympathies for Scrooge from disliking him at the beginning of the book, to not being bothered what happens to him towards the middle and finally sympathizing with him by the end.

Eudora Weltys The Golden Apples Essay -- Eudora Welty The Golden Appl

Other Subjectivity in Eudora Welty's The Golden Apples The language, meaning, and otherworldliness of Eudora Welty's The Golden Apples, like the golden apples in Yeats' Song of the Wandering Aengus, invite yet often defy grasping. Gratefully, Lowry Pei has offered an informed and lucid perception of this collection, enabling readers to gain that much more ground towards achieving a valuable understanding of the stories, individually and as a whole. Pei states initially that with The Golden Apples the reader, as an outside observer, must take on someone else's view of the world and "experience that other subjectivity, thinking thoughts he does not necessarily understand," in a reality that is not his own (415). This "other subjectivity" and the subjectivities that create an apparent reality for the self versus the objectivity of a natural reality--apart from yet encompassing and beckoning the self--constitute the major focus of the essay. Welty's narrative style emphasizes the reader's role in perceiving and determining the essence of reality through various devices. The comparisons that she offers "have an apparent arbitrariness that challenges the reader to supply an explanation" while simultaneously "lead[ing] the reader away from what is and toward a constantly growing array of alternate realities" (Pei 416). Additionally, through non- sequiturs, unanswered questions, and narrative gaps, Welty positions the audience behind a screen of sorts--from which a character's "subjective state [is] perceptible but nevertheless impenetrable, something we can see (for a moment) but cannot share" (Pei 417). This idea echoes what Pei proposes as a major theme of the collection: "how we achieve communication between the accustome... ... through dreams, role reversal, and nature, toward a complex and distinctly objective reality in which language truly communicates. Overall, Lowry Pei's insightful essay provides, without an excess of convoluted rhetoric, essential and thought provoking interpretations of Welty's multi-layered collection. His effective use of examples from the stories heightens the impact of his generally thoughtful conclusions and his high regard for Welty's talent is apparent. Pei has achieved in effect, however in a necessarily limited way, that communicative aspect of language that marks the goal of many of the characters in The Golden Apples. Works Cited Pei, Lowry. "Dreaming the Other in The Golden Apples." Modern Fiction Review28.3 (1982): 414-420. Welty, Eudora. The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty. New York: Harvest-Harcourt Brace, 1980.

Contract and Hire Purchase Act

1. What are the principles under the doctrine of binding precedent? When it comes to deciding on case, judges do not decide solely on their own. They are bound to follow certain accepted principles which are commonly known as â€Å"the doctrine of binding precedent†. The doctrine of binding precedent required that â€Å"like cases decided alike†. If a case now before the court has facts and raises issues similar to those of a previously decided case, then the present case will be decided in the same way as the earlier one.In this way, the earlier case, referred to as ‘a precedent’ will have provided a legal basis on which the latter case and subsequent cases could be decided. Generally, lower courts are bound to follow the decisions of courts higher than them in the same hierarchy. If the judge fails to follow a binding precedent, the decision of the said judge will be legally wrong and it may be reversed on appeal or overruled in a later case. Below is how The Doctrine operates in Malaysia. The court system in Malaysia, was last restructured by the Constitution (Amendment) Act 1994.The present court structure, which has been in force since then, is as follows : * The Federal Court stands at the apex of the Malaysian court system. It is headed by the Chief Justice. * Below the Federal Court is the Court of Appeal. This court is headed by the President of the Court of Appeal. * Below the Court of Appeal are two High Courts with co-ordinate jurisdiction. One is the High Court of Malaya which serves Peninsula Malaysia, while the other is the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak, which serves East Malaysia, i. e. Sabah and Sarawak.Each of the High Courts is headed by a Chief Judge. * Below the High Courts are the Subordinate Courts, the highest of which are the Sessions Courts, each of which is headed by a Sessions Court Judge. * Below the Sessions Courts are the Magistrates’ Courts, each of which is presided over by a magistrate. Paral lel to the Magistrates’ Court is the Juvenile Court (Court For Children) which is also presided over by a magistrate. * In Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia) there are provisions for Penghulu’s Courts below the Magistrates’ Courts.These are headed by a penghulu or village headman. He has very limited jurisdiction and usually deals with local disputes in an informal manner. However, in practice, these courts hardly function. * There are also the Native Courts and the Syariah Courts. These courts operate only at the State level. The Native Courts exist only in Sabah and Sarawak and they deal with native rights while the Syariah Courts deal with matters pertaining to Islamic law in the respective states. 2. Does silence amount to acceptance? Kindly support your answer with evidence.Silence does not necessarily indicate that there is acceptance. However, there are exceptional instances where silence may amount to acceptance itself. The rationale behind this general rule is based on the idea that acceptance must take some form of objective manifestation of the offeree’s intention though some form of positive action. This is to ensure that no one should be able to enforce a contract upon an unwilling party. Based on Section 3 of the Contract Act 1950 provides that acceptance must be made in the manner prescribed by the offer.However, based on Section 7(b) of the Contract Act 1950 states that when the acceptor deviates from the prescribed manner, the offeror must not keep silent. If he does so and fails to insist upon prescribed manner, he is considered as having accepted the modified manner. For instance, refer to the below case of Felthouse v. Bindley (1826) Case : Felthouse v. Bindley (1826) 11 CB (NS) 869; 142 ER 1037 * The plaintiff had discussed with his nephew, John, on the purchase of a horse belonging to John, and wrote to him, offering to buy his horse and added, â€Å"If I hear no more from him, I consider his horse is mine at ? 0 15s†. However, John did not reply. * Six weeks later, John, whilst selling his faming stock, told the auctioneer to keep the horse out of the sale as he planned to reserve the horse for his uncle. But the auctioneer sold it by mistake. The plaintiff then sued the auctioneer. * Held : There was no acceptance of the plaintiff’s proposal by John. Therefore, the plaintiff had no right to impose upon his nephew a sale of his horse by silence. However, there are exceptions to this, and a strong case to find for silence mounting to acceptance is when the offeree explicitly states that he wants his silence to be regarded as an acceptance. Using the above case of Felthouse v. Bindley (1826), if the fact is twist by saying that Plaintiff and John have communicated with each other about the sale of the horse, and John told Plaintiff that he should write him a note about the sale of the horse, and if Plaintiff does not receive any reply from him, Plaintiff can assume that John has agreed to the sales. In such an instance, should John not replying to Plaintiff, acceptance may be found and a binding, enforceable contract may be found.Hence, communication becomes effective when it has been communicated. 3. â€Å"A consideration must be adequate†. Do you agree with the statement? Is a contract without adequate consideration void? Support your answer with cases and statuses whenever necessary. I do not agree with the statement above as consideration need not be adequate but must be sufficient. There is no requirement that the consideration must be at market value, as long as the promisee provides something in value in example ? 2 for an exchange of a car would be valid. The courts are not concerned the adequacy.For example, we may refer to the below case of Chappell & Co v. Nestle (1960) Case : Chappell & Co v. Nestle (1960) Nestle had a special offer involving if customer sent in 1s6d and three chocolate bars wrappers, they would get a record of a son g called ‘Rockin Shoes’. Chappell & Co who owned the copyright of the song has brought an action for breaches of copyright and claimed royalties. Nestle willing to pay the royalties at 6. 25% of 1s6d however Chappell and Co argued that it should be include the chocolate wrappers although Nestle thrown it away after they received it.The court held that consideration must be sufficient but need to be adequate; hence, the chocolate wrappers were part of consideration as it was part to increase sales and provided value. Therefore, Chappell & Co granted the injunction and Nestle could not sell the records. Under the Malaysian Law, explanation 2 to Section 26 of Contract Act 1950 provides that an agreement to which the consent of the promisor is not void merely because the consideration is inadequate; but the inadequacy will be question by the court whether the consent of the promisor is freely given.The illustration (f) to Section 26 of Contracts Act 1950 clearly states the application of the rule: â€Å"A agrees to sell a horse worth RM1,000 for Rm10. A’s consent to the agreement was freely given. The agreement is a contract notwithstanding the inadequacy of the consideration†. This was illustrated in the case of Phang Swee Kim v. Beh I Hock (1964), the respondent’s solicitor notified the appellant that she had trespassed on the said land and claimed for vacant possession and for an account of all income received by her from the land. In May 1963, the respondent instituted an action against her claiming the relief stated.The appellant counter-claimed for a declaration that she was entitled to the said land. At the hearing, the appellant contented that there was an oral agreement made between her and the respondent in which the respondent agreed to transfer the land to her on payment of $500 in 1958. The learned trial judge accepted her evidence, but held that the agreement is void due to inadequacy of consideration. However, on ap peal the Federal Court held that by virtue explanation 2 to Section 26 of Contracts Act 1950, there was adequate consideration as being no evidence of misrepresentation or fraud.The appellant was therefore entitled to the declaration sought by her. 4. Is an invitation to treat an offer? Support your answer with cases, whenever necessary. An ‘invitation to treat’ is not the same as an ‘offer’. In order for binding contract to be formed, there must be an ‘offer’ and an ‘acceptance’ of that offer. An invitation to treat is sometimes mistaken for an offer. There are many similarities between an invitation to treat and offer, making the distinction can be difficult.A good way of looking at the difference between the two terms is that an offer is a definite promise to be bound on specific terms, whereas an invitation to treat is only an indication that someone is prepared to receive offers with the view of forming a binding contract. Thu s, the distinction turns on the specificity of the offer and the degree of vagueness or conditionality attached to it. The main situation where an invitation is mistaken for an offer is in advertising. Advertising is not an offer, but rather an attempt to induce offers. Advertising is therefore classed under contract law as an invitation to treat.Only when the customer offers to pay for the goods at the advertised price has an offer been made. Similarly, the ‘exhibition of good for sale’ can be confused as an offer when really it is an invitation to treat. When goods are displayed in a store this constitutes invitation to customers to make offers to purchase the items. Another situation is in auction sales. At an auction the bid itself is an offer then the auctioneer can either accept or reject the offer. Refer below list of cases of invitation to treat :- * An auctioneer inviting bids offers an invitation to treat when a bidder makes a bid.Case : Payne v. Cave (1789) I n this case, the defendant made the highest bid for the plaintiff’s goods at an auction sale, but he withdrew his bid before the fall of the auctioneer’s hammer. It was held that the defendant was not bound to purchase the goods. His bid amounted to an offer, which he was entitled to withdraw at any time before the auctioneer signified acceptance by knocking down the hammer. * When a customer puts goods in basket, he or she makes an offer. Case : Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v. Boots Cash Chemists Lts (1952)Certain brand name medicines were displayed for sale in a self service store. The issue arose as to when and where the sale of the medicines took place. The reason this was an important issue was because the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1933 S 18(1) provided that it was unlawful to sell such medicines unless the ‘sale is effected by, or under the supervision of, a registered pharmacist’. If the sale took place when the customer put the medicines in her shopping basket the sale would not take place ‘under the supervision of, a registered pharmacist’ because a pharmacist was present at the checkout desk.The issue here is before the court was when did the sale tale place? Was it when the customer put the medicines in her shopping basket or was it when the customer presented the goods to the cashier? The court held that the sale took place when the customer presented the goods to the cashier. The placing of the medicines in the shopping basket has no contractual significance. It was not even an invitation to treat since there had been no communication between the shopper and the shop. The contract would only be made at the cashier’s desk. The display of goods in a shop by shopkeeper is an invitation to treat. Case : Fisher v. Bell (1961) A shopkeeper was convicted of offering for sale a flick knife contrary to the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959 S 1(1); he had displayed the knife in his shop window . The shopkeeper appealed. The issue here is, before the court was whether the shopkeeper was offering a flick knife for sale. On the appeal the shopkeeper was acquitted of ‘offering’ a flick knife for sale. Before the magistrates court he was actually convicted of ‘offering’ the knife for sale.This case shows that goods on display are inviting customers to make an offer to buy them from the shopkeeper. In other words ‘goods on display in a shop’ are an invitation to treat not an offer to buy. * Supply of information is an invitation to treat. It is considered to be in the process of negotiation and not a define offer to sell. Case : Harvey v. Facey (1893) The prospective buyer, Harvey, sent a telegram to the seller Facey, asking: â€Å"Will you sell us Bumper Hall Pen? Telegraph lowest cash price. † Facey responded by telegram: â€Å"Lowest price for Bumper Hall Pen ? 900. † Harvey later eplied: â€Å"We agree to buy Bumper Hall Pen for the sum of nine hundred pounds asked by you. Please send us your title deed in order that we may get early possession,† but received no response. Harvey brought an action to enforce the contract. The court held a contract for the sale of the property could only have been concluded of Facey accepted Harvey’s final telegram. Facey had not said that he would sell the property and had merely stated the lowest price he was willing to sell at. Harvey could not imply Facey’s telegram was an offer to sell as this must be expressy given.In essence, a price quotation of itself does not amount to an offer but is merely an invitation to treat. An invitation to treat is quite literally an invitation to another party to negotiate, which does not suggest an intention of being bound. Hence, an invitation to treat is a tool to get negotiations going and show the terms which one party may be willing to accept, as opposed to an offer in which one party is prepared to be le gally bound by upon acceptance. 5. What is the definition of ‘contract of sale of goods’ under the law?A contract of sale of goods is a contract whereby the seller agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a consideration called the price, consisting wholly or partly of money. Where, by virtue of one or more contracts, a person has agreed for value to bail goods to a bailee on such terms that the property in the goods will or may at the option of the bailee pass to the bailee then, for the purposes of this Act, that person is deemed to have agreed to transfer the property in goods to the bailee, and the bailor shall be deemed to be the seller and the bailee shall be deemed to be the buyer.There may be contract of sale between one part owner and another. Thus, a contract of sale may be absolute or conditional. 6. Does the Hire Purchase Act cover all hire purchase transaction? The Hire Purchase Act does not in actuality cover all hire-purchase transaction. Hire Purchase agreement is used by Financial Institutions to fund the purchase of consumer goods (goods purchased for personal, family and household purposes), vehicles and other business equipment and industrial machinery.In Malaysia, the legislation governing hire purchase transaction is the Hire Purchase Act 1976, which came into force on 11 April 1968 after hire purchase became popular in the acquisition of expensive consumer goods such as cars, business equipment and industrial machinery. In respect of goods not specified in the First Schedule of the Hire Purchase Act, the parties are free to contract outside the provision of the Act or agree to be bound by the provisions. However, the First Schedule may be amended by the Minister concerned from time to time. 7. i) What is the main legislation governing partnership in Malaysia? In Malaysia the governing law that addresses partnership matters is provided in the Partnership Act 1961 (Act 135) (ii) What is the statutory definitio n of partnership as provided under the Malaysian Law? Partnership is defined by Section 3(1) of the Partnership Act 1961 as ‘the relation, which subsists between persons carrying on a business in common with a view of profit’. No person may be a partner with himself. There must be at least two or more persons to form a partnership.

An Analysis on Taj Group of Hotels

Executive Summary The primary objective of this report is to analyze the Taj Group of Hotels through the specific analysis of Taj  (luxury full-service hotels, resorts and palaces), Taj Exotica  , Taj Safaris,  . Vivanta , The Gateway Hotel, Exotica Brand. The Taj Group of Hotels were selected to gain a learning of hotels in India from three different perspectives – that of a fast growing Indian hotel, , that of a formerly strong player trying to adapt to a changing market, and finally, that of an domestic hotel operating in India.The analysis in the report is presented as follows: 1. Before delving into the individual study of Taj Group of Hotels , a brief history of its operations as well as its strategies is given to help the reader gain a better understanding of the background from which the hotel has developed. 2. This is followed by a SWOT Analysis, which gives specific information on the environment, challenges and opportunities the hotel is currently facing. 3.Ne xt, special emphasis is laid on analyzing the hotel policies and environment related to its marketing environment through 5 C (Company, Customers, Collaborators, Competition, Context) Analysis, STP (Segmentation-Targeting-Positioning) Analysis, and the 4 P (Product, Price, Promotion, Place) Analysis. 4. After gaining an understanding on these aspects of the hotel, the anomalies in the marketing positioning or decisions taken in the past are presented. 5. Based on these anomalies and other learnings, the authors have presented a few recommendations to Taj Group of Hotels .The final section of the report consists of a comparison with other hotels on a variety of factors including positioning and targeting, different types of product and service offerings, channels of distribution etc. The authors believe that such comparisons would be useful to a reader who is trying to gain a better understanding of the competitive environment of the Indian hotel sectors, as well as of the relative p erformance of Taj Group of Hotels versus the others. Company Overview: VisionThe Taj Group of Hotels commits itself to the overall improvement of the ecological environment Which we are all a part of. We recognize that we are not owners but caretakers of the Planet and owe it to our children and future generations of humankind. It is our endeavour not only to conserve and protect but also to renew and regenerate the environment in which we live and operate. Our commitment encompasses all actions related to our products, services, associates, partners, vendors and communities. We will partner and engage with our environment through.  Also you can read about  History of the Culinary Arts.Earth Environmental Awareness and Renewal at Taj Hotels. For us EARTH is not a program, nor a process; it is a way of life. The Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL) and its subsidiaries are collectively known as Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces and is recognised as one of Asia's largest and finest h otel company. Incorporated by the founder of the Tata Group, Mr. Jamsetji N. Tata, the company opened its first property, The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Bombay in 1903. The Taj, a symbol of Indian hospitality, completed its centenary year in 2003.Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces comprises 66 hotels in 42 locations across India with an additional 16 international hotels in the Maldives, Malaysia, Australia, UK, USA, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Africa and the middle east Spanning the length and breadth of the country, gracing important industrial towns and cities, beaches, hill stations, historical and pilgrim centres and wildlife destinations, each Taj hotel offers the luxury of service, the apogee of Indian hospitality, vantage locations, modern amenities and business facilities.IHCL operate in the luxury, premium, mid-market and value segments of the market through the following: Taj  (luxury full-service hotels, resorts and palaces) is our flagship brand for the world’s most discerning travellers seeking authentic experiences given that luxury is a way of life to which they are accustomed. Spanning world-renowned landmarks, modern business hotels, idyllic beach resorts, authentic Rajput palaces and rustic safari lodges, each Taj hotel reinterprets the tradition of hospitality in a refreshingly modern way to create unique experiences and lifelong memories.Taj also encompasses a unique set of iconic properties rooted in history and tradition that deliver truly unforgettable experiences. A collection of outstanding properties with strong heritage as hotels or palaces which offer something more than great physical product and exceptional service. This group is defined by the emotional and unique equity of its iconic properties that are authentic, non- replicable with great potential to create memories and stories. Taj Exotica  are resort and spa brand found in the most exotic and relaxing locales of the world.The properties are defined by the privacy and intimacy t hey provide. The hotels are clearly differentiated by their product philosophy and service design. They are centred around high end accommodation, intimacy and an environment that allows its guest unrivalled comfort and privacy. They are defined by a sensibility of intimate design and by their varied and eclectic culinary experiences, impeccable service and authentic Indian Spa sanctuaries. Taj Safaris  are wildlife lodges that allow travelers to experience the unparalleled beauty of the Indian jungle amidst luxurious surroundings.They offer India’s first and only wildlife luxury lodge circuit. Taj Safaris provide guests with the ultimate, interpretive, wild life experience based on a proven sustainable ecotourism model. Vivanta by Taj Hotels ; Resorts  span options for the work-hard-play-hard traveller across metropolitan cities, other commercially important centres as well as some of the best-loved vacation spots. Stylish ; sophisticated, Vivanta by Taj delivers premium hotel experiences with imagination, energy ; efficiency. It's the flavour of contemporary luxury, laced with cool informality and the charming Taj hospitality.Created for the cosmopolitan global traveller and bon vivant, Vivanta by Taj Hotels & Resorts create experiences that will amuse, invigorate & inspire you. Vivanta revels in a spirit that presents the normal with an unexpected twist. Experiences which make you pause & appreciate the hidden beauty in life! It challenges your expectations of a hotel and unfolds multiple layers of delight. Innovative cuisine concepts, the smart use of technology & the challenge to constantly engage, energize and relax you all add up to make Vivanta by Taj the new signature in hospitality.The Gateway Hotel  (upscale/mid-market full service hotels and resorts) is a pan-India network of hotels and resorts that offers business and leisure travellers a hotel designed, keeping the modern nomad in mind. At the Gateway Hotel, we believe in keeping thi ngs simple. This is why, our hotels are divided into 7 simple zones- Stay, Hangout, Meet, Work, Workout, Unwind and Explore. Ginger  (economy hotels) is IHCL’s revolutionary concept in hospitality for the value segment. Intelligently designed facilities, consistency and affordability are hallmarks of this brand targeted at travellers who value simplicity and self-service.Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is committed to replicate its domestic success onto international shores with plans to build an international network of luxury hotels, which will provide an exemplary product-service combination and in the process create a global brand. The current international portfolio includes luxury resorts in the Indian Ocean, business and resort destinations in the Middle East and Africa, serviced apartments in the UK, the first hotel in Australia and three a top-end luxury hotels in the US. Exotica Brand The Taj strengthened its presence in the Indian Ocean rim with the Exotica Brand. The Taj Exotica was evolved as part of Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces intent to position it as a brand that is clearly differentiated by its product philosophy and service design. The Taj Exotica Resort and Spa, in Maldives is cantered on high-end accommodation, intimacy and an environment that allows its guest’s unrivalled comfort and privacy. Taj Hotels further expanded its global footprint by securing management contracts at Palm Island, Jumeirah in Dubai, Saraya Islands in Ras Al Khaimah, Aldar Group in Abu Dhabi, UAE Langkawi in Malaysia and Thimpu in Bhutan.The most significant additions to the portfolio have been The Pierre, the iconic landmark hotel on New York's Fifth Avenue, Taj Boston and Blue, Sydney. The presence of Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces internationally has been developed through a network of Taj regional sales and PR offices in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Dubai, Singapore, Australia, Japan, Russia and the United States of America. At the Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces luxurious living and fine dining find common ground.Whether it is introducing exotic world cuisines to India or taking authentic Indian fare to the world, the Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is renowned for the eclectic culinary experiences it brings to its guests. Through a vast repertoire of award-winning restaurants, legendary recipes from royal kitchens and celebrated food festivals, the Taj has pioneered innovation in fine dining across the world. Taj Hotels also promise a whole new experience of tranquillity and total ‘wellness’, through  Jiva Spas  a unique concept, which brings together the wisdom and heritage of the Asian and Indian Philosophy of Wellness and Well-being.Rooted in ancient Indian healing knowledge, Jiva Spas derive inspiration and spirit from the holistic concept of living. There is a rich basket of fresh and unique experiences under the Jiva Spa umbrella of offering, Yoga and Meditation, mastered and disseminat ed by accomplished practitioners, authentic Ayurveda, and unique Taj signature treatments. Royal traditions of wellness in service experiences, holistic treatments involving body therapies, enlivening and meaningful rituals and ceremonies and unique natural products blended by hand, come together to offer a truly calming experience.IHCL operates  Taj Air, a luxury private jet operation with state-of-the-art Falcon 2000 aircrafts designed by Dassault Aviation, France; and Taj Yachts, two 3-bedroom luxury yachts which can be used by guests in Mumbai and Kochi, in Kerala. IHCL also operates  Taj Sats Air Catering Ltd. , the largest airline catering service in South Asia, as a joint venture with Singapore Airport Terminal Services, a subsidiary of Singapore Airlines. Additionally, it operates the  Indian Institute of Hotel Management, Aurangabad  since 1993.The institute offers a three-year diploma, designed with the help of international faculty and has affiliations with severa l American and European programmes. CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL RESPONSBILITY As a part of Tatas; India’s premier business house, Taj Hotels, have always believed in society and environment being integral stakeholders in our business along with the shareholders, customers, vendors and others. Over the last decade, the movement towards ecologically sound tourism has gained urgency and importance across the globe and recognize that responsible practices in vogue are as diverse as the geographies.It promotes corporate citizenship through our strategic public-private partnerships which encourage building livelihoods of less-advantaged youth and women. The causes to promote includes reducing malnutrition, promoting indigenous artisans and craftsmen and enhancing employability of identified target groups by sharing our core competencies as a leading hospitality company. We encourage training and development of differently able youth. The Taj has the unique scope and opportu nity to develop raw potential into a skilled workforce that is immediately employable by various players in the industry.A majority of community projects are focused around extending the key strengths in food production, kitchen management, housekeeping, customer service and spas to promote economic empowerment of candidates from vulnerable socio-economic backgrounds. Taj is fully committed to the cause of building a sustainable environment by reducing the impact of our daily operations on the environment and improving operational efficiencies, resource conservation, re use and recycling of key resources. The seventh  Corporate Sustainability Report  was submitted to the United Nations Global Compact society in August, 2010.The United Nations Global Compact is a strategic policy initiative for businesses that are committed to aligning their operations and strategies with ten universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labour, safety ; security, environment and anti-corruption. This Corporate Sustainability report also serves as GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) as well as Triple Bottom Line report. The report focuses on identified priorities at IHCL and responds to key stakeholder needs. It plans to continue and further strengthen our commitment to the environment and societies in which we operate.It believes in continuous learning and sharing and would be delighted to have your thoughts and suggestions. EARTH In an endeavour to reinstate its vision and efforts to boost sustainable tourism, Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces presented EARTH (Environment Awareness ; Renewal at Taj Hotels) this year. Implementing schemes such as the Gangotri Glacier Clean-Up Expedition, as well as designated Earth rooms, which minimise environmental impact, Taj is one of Asia’s largest group of hotels to commit to energy conservation and environmental management.EARTH has received certification from Green Globe, the only worldwide environmental certifica tion program for travel and tourism. The Taj began a century ago with a single landmark – The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Mumbai. Today, the various Taj hotels, in all their variety and historical richness, are recognised internationally as the symbols of true Indian hospitality. The Company’s history is integral to India’s emergence into the global business and leisure travel community; and looking to the future, Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is well positioned to meet the increase in travel activity with the rapid expansion of the Indian economy.ANALYSIS SWOT Analysis Strengths| Weaknesses| * Taj group of hotels in India and also in abroad. * Corporate governance by a group of highly qualified people. * Hospitality which it provides to its customer * India offers a readymade tourist destination with the resources it has. Thus the magnet to pull  customers already exists and has potential grow. | * has to live up to its reputation. * to cope up with up-coming ch anges. * to satisfy each and every customer. * High tax structure in the industry makes the industry worse off than its international  equivalent.In India the expenditure tax, luxury tax and sales tax inflate the hotel bill by over  30%. Effective tax in the South East Asian countries works out to only 4-5%. | Opportunities| Threats| * Demand between the national and the inbound tourists can be easily managed due to  difference in the period of holidays. For international tourists the peak season for arrival is  between September to March when the climatic conditions are suitable where as the national  tourist waits for school holidays, generally the summer months. * In the long-term the hotel industry in India has latent potential for growth.This is because  India is an ideal destination for tourists as it is the only country with the most diverse  topography. For India, the inbound tourists are a mere 0. 49% of the global figures. This number  is expected to increa se at a phenomenal rate thus pushing up the demand for the hotel  industry. * Unique experience in heritage hotels. * Opportunity of expansion to more destinations. | * Competition with other five star hotels like ITC, HAYAT, LEELA PALACE and OBEROI group of hotels * Terrorists activities which had already happened in 26/11 2009 in Mumbai. * Guest houses are taking an edge in place of hotels.This is a growing trend in the west and is now catching up in  India also, thus diverting the hotel traffic. * Changing trends in the west demand similar changes in India, which here are difficult to  implement due to high project costs. * The economic conditions of a country have a direct impact on the earnings in hotel industry. Lack of training man power in the hotel industry. | COMPETITIVE STRATERIGES SEGMENTATION GEOGRAPHIC a) Region Wise : North India, East India, West India, South India b) City Wise: 4 major metropolitan cities, and tourist destinations in India DEMOGRAPHIC ) Meant for family, diplomats, political guests, international tourists, Honeymoon suit, Business Executives, safari adventure for all. b) In terms of income it is meant for people belonging to upper-middle and high-class society and ginger hotels for the economy class. PSYCHOGRAPHIC It is meant for the people who like heritage buildings, palaces, adventure, luxury, comfort and are ready to spend on all these things. LOYALTY It expects its customers to be loyal and appreciate the service and hospitality they provide to consumers. TARGETINGThe Taj hotel is targeting luxury business travellers, including domestic and foreign businessmen, the senior management personnel, and the elite strata of society. POSITIONING The Taj group positions its service as anâ€Å"office away from office â€Å"to serve the business customer and also keeps the general positioning of the hotel industry, i. e. †home away from home â€Å" DIFFERENTIATION Hotel has differentiate its service offer through phys ical ambience it maintain a natural green environment so as to provide a relaxed atmosphere to the tension –bound business traveller and the feature has been well perceived by the target customer .MARKETING MIX The following are the part of a marketing mix I. Product: the service offer has a tangible product in it. Rooms: the rooms are of six type namely, club room, normal room, superior cottage, suites, deluxe room, and the old British Raj ambience room. Restaurant:† paradise† is a Thai food restaurant. â€Å"Island cafe â€Å"is an Italian food restaurant with pool side barbecue it has banquet halls. The hotel also has business centre with latest facilities like internet, interview centre, fitness centre, laundry, etc are the added facilities.II. Pricing : The rent for the rooms of Taj hotels varies from place to place due to the taxation policies, however the cost of the rooms are priced according to the services provided by the hotel. The rooms are categoris ed as Deluxe Room, Luxury Suite, Royal Suite, Executive suite, Grand Luxury suite, Presidential suite and the charges are prepared according to the room provided. III. Place: TAJ has established hotels in every region in India, the major tourist destinations, palaces, heritage sites in India as well as abroad.IV. Promotion: The advertisement is generally done through magazine hoarding of late, they have started even sponsoring also but in low scale the main emphasis is on direct marketing. V. Physical ambience: it provide natural environment and provide the latest state-of-art facilities. VI. People: it realises the important of people in any service organization for that , the first step is to market their service offer to their own employees understand the need for maintaining high quality and standard . FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 2009-10 . The total income for the year ended March 31, 2010 at Rs. 1566. 35 crores was lower than that of the previous year by8. 2%. 2. Room Income was lower t han the previous year by 17%. The Average Room Rate (ARR) decreased by 16%over the previous year. 3. Food ; Beverage (F;B) income was 5% higher than the previous year. 4. Banquets income grew by 12% over the previous year. 2008-09 1. The total income for the year ended March 31, 2009 at Rs. 1706. 52 crores which was Lower than that of the previous year by 6 %. 2.Room Income was lower than the previous year by 14 % . 3. The Average Room Rate (ARR) decreased by 2 % over the previous year. 4. Food ; Beverage (F;B) income was 13% lower than the previous year. 2007-08 1. The total income for the year ended March 31, 2008 was Rs. 1,823. 16 crores which was higher than the previous year by 13%. 2. Room income was higher than previous year by 16%. 3. The Average Room Rate increased by 16% over the previous year which significantly contributed to the total increase in room income. FINDINGSAfter going through all the aspects related to Taj Hotels certain things in form of findings and informa tion. They are: 1. If compared to other brands of 5 star hotels present in India, such as Leela Palace, Oberoi Ashoka group, Hayat or ITC, Taj has a wide variety of options available for its customers. It is ready to provide all kinds of comfort, hygiene, satisfaction desired by its customers. It takes special care and attention of all its customers and tries to bring smile on to their faces and expect them to come and visit again to their hotel. . It has options available for its customers by a chain or group of hotels located in India and abroad. It covers almost all the major tourist destinations. 3. Taj has come up with a new idea with name Ginger hotels which is very economical and greatly praised. 4. Above some analysis that have been shown like marketing Ps, SWOT analysis, strategies, STPD and financial analysis which states that Taj Group of Hotels is performing well and there are several other opportunities which can still be exploited. 5.After the terrorist attack in Taj M ahal Palace in Mumbai the revenue generation of the Taj group went down as the crowd of foreign tourists dropped but now slowly it has again started arising 6. Some of the Hotels of Taj Group are Heritage sites, Palaces and Forts which is a plus point for Taj Group, People like to experience these sites by spending some days in Taj Hotels. Some of the palaces are situated in Jaipur and Jodhpur which are World Wide known tourist destinations. 7. Taj Group of Hotels is not having a strong hold in India but also in abroad.It has acquired many palaces and sites and have tie-ups with other big brands outside India. CONCLUSION The study showcased immense research on Taj Goup of Hotels in India. It gives a wide view about the hotel industry in India. It is a well known brand to everyone. It shows Taj has immense potential to grow and further expansion of its business. It also shows the growth in every wing they try to excel themselves through their good plans and strategies, besides excell ing themselves in the different wings the most important thing is that they have the social responsibility for the society through their different programs. An Analysis on Taj Group of Hotels Executive Summary The primary objective of this report is to analyze the Taj Group of Hotels through the specific analysis of Taj  (luxury full-service hotels, resorts and palaces), Taj Exotica  , Taj Safaris,  . Vivanta , The Gateway Hotel, Exotica Brand. The Taj Group of Hotels were selected to gain a learning of hotels in India from three different perspectives – that of a fast growing Indian hotel, , that of a formerly strong player trying to adapt to a changing market, and finally, that of an domestic hotel operating in India.The analysis in the report is presented as follows: 1. Before delving into the individual study of Taj Group of Hotels , a brief history of its operations as well as its strategies is given to help the reader gain a better understanding of the background from which the hotel has developed. 2. This is followed by a SWOT Analysis, which gives specific information on the environment, challenges and opportunities the hotel is currently facing. 3.Ne xt, special emphasis is laid on analyzing the hotel policies and environment related to its marketing environment through 5 C (Company, Customers, Collaborators, Competition, Context) Analysis, STP (Segmentation-Targeting-Positioning) Analysis, and the 4 P (Product, Price, Promotion, Place) Analysis. 4. After gaining an understanding on these aspects of the hotel, the anomalies in the marketing positioning or decisions taken in the past are presented. 5. Based on these anomalies and other learnings, the authors have presented a few recommendations to Taj Group of Hotels .The final section of the report consists of a comparison with other hotels on a variety of factors including positioning and targeting, different types of product and service offerings, channels of distribution etc. The authors believe that such comparisons would be useful to a reader who is trying to gain a better understanding of the competitive environment of the Indian hotel sectors, as well as of the relative p erformance of Taj Group of Hotels versus the others. Company Overview: VisionThe Taj Group of Hotels commits itself to the overall improvement of the ecological environment Which we are all a part of. We recognize that we are not owners but caretakers of the Planet and owe it to our children and future generations of humankind. It is our endeavour not only to conserve and protect but also to renew and regenerate the environment in which we live and operate. Our commitment encompasses all actions related to our products, services, associates, partners, vendors and communities. We will partner and engage with our environment through.  Also you can read about  History of the Culinary Arts.Earth Environmental Awareness and Renewal at Taj Hotels. For us EARTH is not a program, nor a process; it is a way of life. The Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL) and its subsidiaries are collectively known as Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces and is recognised as one of Asia's largest and finest h otel company. Incorporated by the founder of the Tata Group, Mr. Jamsetji N. Tata, the company opened its first property, The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Bombay in 1903. The Taj, a symbol of Indian hospitality, completed its centenary year in 2003.Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces comprises 66 hotels in 42 locations across India with an additional 16 international hotels in the Maldives, Malaysia, Australia, UK, USA, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Africa and the middle east Spanning the length and breadth of the country, gracing important industrial towns and cities, beaches, hill stations, historical and pilgrim centres and wildlife destinations, each Taj hotel offers the luxury of service, the apogee of Indian hospitality, vantage locations, modern amenities and business facilities.IHCL operate in the luxury, premium, mid-market and value segments of the market through the following: Taj  (luxury full-service hotels, resorts and palaces) is our flagship brand for the world’s most discerning travellers seeking authentic experiences given that luxury is a way of life to which they are accustomed. Spanning world-renowned landmarks, modern business hotels, idyllic beach resorts, authentic Rajput palaces and rustic safari lodges, each Taj hotel reinterprets the tradition of hospitality in a refreshingly modern way to create unique experiences and lifelong memories.Taj also encompasses a unique set of iconic properties rooted in history and tradition that deliver truly unforgettable experiences. A collection of outstanding properties with strong heritage as hotels or palaces which offer something more than great physical product and exceptional service. This group is defined by the emotional and unique equity of its iconic properties that are authentic, non- replicable with great potential to create memories and stories. Taj Exotica  are resort and spa brand found in the most exotic and relaxing locales of the world.The properties are defined by the privacy and intimacy t hey provide. The hotels are clearly differentiated by their product philosophy and service design. They are centred around high end accommodation, intimacy and an environment that allows its guest unrivalled comfort and privacy. They are defined by a sensibility of intimate design and by their varied and eclectic culinary experiences, impeccable service and authentic Indian Spa sanctuaries. Taj Safaris  are wildlife lodges that allow travelers to experience the unparalleled beauty of the Indian jungle amidst luxurious surroundings.They offer India’s first and only wildlife luxury lodge circuit. Taj Safaris provide guests with the ultimate, interpretive, wild life experience based on a proven sustainable ecotourism model. Vivanta by Taj Hotels ; Resorts  span options for the work-hard-play-hard traveller across metropolitan cities, other commercially important centres as well as some of the best-loved vacation spots. Stylish ; sophisticated, Vivanta by Taj delivers premium hotel experiences with imagination, energy ; efficiency. It's the flavour of contemporary luxury, laced with cool informality and the charming Taj hospitality.Created for the cosmopolitan global traveller and bon vivant, Vivanta by Taj Hotels & Resorts create experiences that will amuse, invigorate & inspire you. Vivanta revels in a spirit that presents the normal with an unexpected twist. Experiences which make you pause & appreciate the hidden beauty in life! It challenges your expectations of a hotel and unfolds multiple layers of delight. Innovative cuisine concepts, the smart use of technology & the challenge to constantly engage, energize and relax you all add up to make Vivanta by Taj the new signature in hospitality.The Gateway Hotel  (upscale/mid-market full service hotels and resorts) is a pan-India network of hotels and resorts that offers business and leisure travellers a hotel designed, keeping the modern nomad in mind. At the Gateway Hotel, we believe in keeping thi ngs simple. This is why, our hotels are divided into 7 simple zones- Stay, Hangout, Meet, Work, Workout, Unwind and Explore. Ginger  (economy hotels) is IHCL’s revolutionary concept in hospitality for the value segment. Intelligently designed facilities, consistency and affordability are hallmarks of this brand targeted at travellers who value simplicity and self-service.Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is committed to replicate its domestic success onto international shores with plans to build an international network of luxury hotels, which will provide an exemplary product-service combination and in the process create a global brand. The current international portfolio includes luxury resorts in the Indian Ocean, business and resort destinations in the Middle East and Africa, serviced apartments in the UK, the first hotel in Australia and three a top-end luxury hotels in the US. Exotica Brand The Taj strengthened its presence in the Indian Ocean rim with the Exotica Brand. The Taj Exotica was evolved as part of Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces intent to position it as a brand that is clearly differentiated by its product philosophy and service design. The Taj Exotica Resort and Spa, in Maldives is cantered on high-end accommodation, intimacy and an environment that allows its guest’s unrivalled comfort and privacy. Taj Hotels further expanded its global footprint by securing management contracts at Palm Island, Jumeirah in Dubai, Saraya Islands in Ras Al Khaimah, Aldar Group in Abu Dhabi, UAE Langkawi in Malaysia and Thimpu in Bhutan.The most significant additions to the portfolio have been The Pierre, the iconic landmark hotel on New York's Fifth Avenue, Taj Boston and Blue, Sydney. The presence of Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces internationally has been developed through a network of Taj regional sales and PR offices in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Dubai, Singapore, Australia, Japan, Russia and the United States of America. At the Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces luxurious living and fine dining find common ground.Whether it is introducing exotic world cuisines to India or taking authentic Indian fare to the world, the Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is renowned for the eclectic culinary experiences it brings to its guests. Through a vast repertoire of award-winning restaurants, legendary recipes from royal kitchens and celebrated food festivals, the Taj has pioneered innovation in fine dining across the world. Taj Hotels also promise a whole new experience of tranquillity and total ‘wellness’, through  Jiva Spas  a unique concept, which brings together the wisdom and heritage of the Asian and Indian Philosophy of Wellness and Well-being.Rooted in ancient Indian healing knowledge, Jiva Spas derive inspiration and spirit from the holistic concept of living. There is a rich basket of fresh and unique experiences under the Jiva Spa umbrella of offering, Yoga and Meditation, mastered and disseminat ed by accomplished practitioners, authentic Ayurveda, and unique Taj signature treatments. Royal traditions of wellness in service experiences, holistic treatments involving body therapies, enlivening and meaningful rituals and ceremonies and unique natural products blended by hand, come together to offer a truly calming experience.IHCL operates  Taj Air, a luxury private jet operation with state-of-the-art Falcon 2000 aircrafts designed by Dassault Aviation, France; and Taj Yachts, two 3-bedroom luxury yachts which can be used by guests in Mumbai and Kochi, in Kerala. IHCL also operates  Taj Sats Air Catering Ltd. , the largest airline catering service in South Asia, as a joint venture with Singapore Airport Terminal Services, a subsidiary of Singapore Airlines. Additionally, it operates the  Indian Institute of Hotel Management, Aurangabad  since 1993.The institute offers a three-year diploma, designed with the help of international faculty and has affiliations with severa l American and European programmes. CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIAL RESPONSBILITY As a part of Tatas; India’s premier business house, Taj Hotels, have always believed in society and environment being integral stakeholders in our business along with the shareholders, customers, vendors and others. Over the last decade, the movement towards ecologically sound tourism has gained urgency and importance across the globe and recognize that responsible practices in vogue are as diverse as the geographies.It promotes corporate citizenship through our strategic public-private partnerships which encourage building livelihoods of less-advantaged youth and women. The causes to promote includes reducing malnutrition, promoting indigenous artisans and craftsmen and enhancing employability of identified target groups by sharing our core competencies as a leading hospitality company. We encourage training and development of differently able youth. The Taj has the unique scope and opportu nity to develop raw potential into a skilled workforce that is immediately employable by various players in the industry.A majority of community projects are focused around extending the key strengths in food production, kitchen management, housekeeping, customer service and spas to promote economic empowerment of candidates from vulnerable socio-economic backgrounds. Taj is fully committed to the cause of building a sustainable environment by reducing the impact of our daily operations on the environment and improving operational efficiencies, resource conservation, re use and recycling of key resources. The seventh  Corporate Sustainability Report  was submitted to the United Nations Global Compact society in August, 2010.The United Nations Global Compact is a strategic policy initiative for businesses that are committed to aligning their operations and strategies with ten universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labour, safety ; security, environment and anti-corruption. This Corporate Sustainability report also serves as GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) as well as Triple Bottom Line report. The report focuses on identified priorities at IHCL and responds to key stakeholder needs. It plans to continue and further strengthen our commitment to the environment and societies in which we operate.It believes in continuous learning and sharing and would be delighted to have your thoughts and suggestions. EARTH In an endeavour to reinstate its vision and efforts to boost sustainable tourism, Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces presented EARTH (Environment Awareness ; Renewal at Taj Hotels) this year. Implementing schemes such as the Gangotri Glacier Clean-Up Expedition, as well as designated Earth rooms, which minimise environmental impact, Taj is one of Asia’s largest group of hotels to commit to energy conservation and environmental management.EARTH has received certification from Green Globe, the only worldwide environmental certifica tion program for travel and tourism. The Taj began a century ago with a single landmark – The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Mumbai. Today, the various Taj hotels, in all their variety and historical richness, are recognised internationally as the symbols of true Indian hospitality. The Company’s history is integral to India’s emergence into the global business and leisure travel community; and looking to the future, Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is well positioned to meet the increase in travel activity with the rapid expansion of the Indian economy.ANALYSIS SWOT Analysis Strengths| Weaknesses| * Taj group of hotels in India and also in abroad. * Corporate governance by a group of highly qualified people. * Hospitality which it provides to its customer * India offers a readymade tourist destination with the resources it has. Thus the magnet to pull  customers already exists and has potential grow. | * has to live up to its reputation. * to cope up with up-coming ch anges. * to satisfy each and every customer. * High tax structure in the industry makes the industry worse off than its international  equivalent.In India the expenditure tax, luxury tax and sales tax inflate the hotel bill by over  30%. Effective tax in the South East Asian countries works out to only 4-5%. | Opportunities| Threats| * Demand between the national and the inbound tourists can be easily managed due to  difference in the period of holidays. For international tourists the peak season for arrival is  between September to March when the climatic conditions are suitable where as the national  tourist waits for school holidays, generally the summer months. * In the long-term the hotel industry in India has latent potential for growth.This is because  India is an ideal destination for tourists as it is the only country with the most diverse  topography. For India, the inbound tourists are a mere 0. 49% of the global figures. This number  is expected to increa se at a phenomenal rate thus pushing up the demand for the hotel  industry. * Unique experience in heritage hotels. * Opportunity of expansion to more destinations. | * Competition with other five star hotels like ITC, HAYAT, LEELA PALACE and OBEROI group of hotels * Terrorists activities which had already happened in 26/11 2009 in Mumbai. * Guest houses are taking an edge in place of hotels.This is a growing trend in the west and is now catching up in  India also, thus diverting the hotel traffic. * Changing trends in the west demand similar changes in India, which here are difficult to  implement due to high project costs. * The economic conditions of a country have a direct impact on the earnings in hotel industry. Lack of training man power in the hotel industry. | COMPETITIVE STRATERIGES SEGMENTATION GEOGRAPHIC a) Region Wise : North India, East India, West India, South India b) City Wise: 4 major metropolitan cities, and tourist destinations in India DEMOGRAPHIC ) Meant for family, diplomats, political guests, international tourists, Honeymoon suit, Business Executives, safari adventure for all. b) In terms of income it is meant for people belonging to upper-middle and high-class society and ginger hotels for the economy class. PSYCHOGRAPHIC It is meant for the people who like heritage buildings, palaces, adventure, luxury, comfort and are ready to spend on all these things. LOYALTY It expects its customers to be loyal and appreciate the service and hospitality they provide to consumers. TARGETINGThe Taj hotel is targeting luxury business travellers, including domestic and foreign businessmen, the senior management personnel, and the elite strata of society. POSITIONING The Taj group positions its service as anâ€Å"office away from office â€Å"to serve the business customer and also keeps the general positioning of the hotel industry, i. e. †home away from home â€Å" DIFFERENTIATION Hotel has differentiate its service offer through phys ical ambience it maintain a natural green environment so as to provide a relaxed atmosphere to the tension –bound business traveller and the feature has been well perceived by the target customer .MARKETING MIX The following are the part of a marketing mix I. Product: the service offer has a tangible product in it. Rooms: the rooms are of six type namely, club room, normal room, superior cottage, suites, deluxe room, and the old British Raj ambience room. Restaurant:† paradise† is a Thai food restaurant. â€Å"Island cafe â€Å"is an Italian food restaurant with pool side barbecue it has banquet halls. The hotel also has business centre with latest facilities like internet, interview centre, fitness centre, laundry, etc are the added facilities.II. Pricing : The rent for the rooms of Taj hotels varies from place to place due to the taxation policies, however the cost of the rooms are priced according to the services provided by the hotel. The rooms are categoris ed as Deluxe Room, Luxury Suite, Royal Suite, Executive suite, Grand Luxury suite, Presidential suite and the charges are prepared according to the room provided. III. Place: TAJ has established hotels in every region in India, the major tourist destinations, palaces, heritage sites in India as well as abroad.IV. Promotion: The advertisement is generally done through magazine hoarding of late, they have started even sponsoring also but in low scale the main emphasis is on direct marketing. V. Physical ambience: it provide natural environment and provide the latest state-of-art facilities. VI. People: it realises the important of people in any service organization for that , the first step is to market their service offer to their own employees understand the need for maintaining high quality and standard . FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 2009-10 . The total income for the year ended March 31, 2010 at Rs. 1566. 35 crores was lower than that of the previous year by8. 2%. 2. Room Income was lower t han the previous year by 17%. The Average Room Rate (ARR) decreased by 16%over the previous year. 3. Food ; Beverage (F;B) income was 5% higher than the previous year. 4. Banquets income grew by 12% over the previous year. 2008-09 1. The total income for the year ended March 31, 2009 at Rs. 1706. 52 crores which was Lower than that of the previous year by 6 %. 2.Room Income was lower than the previous year by 14 % . 3. The Average Room Rate (ARR) decreased by 2 % over the previous year. 4. Food ; Beverage (F;B) income was 13% lower than the previous year. 2007-08 1. The total income for the year ended March 31, 2008 was Rs. 1,823. 16 crores which was higher than the previous year by 13%. 2. Room income was higher than previous year by 16%. 3. The Average Room Rate increased by 16% over the previous year which significantly contributed to the total increase in room income. FINDINGSAfter going through all the aspects related to Taj Hotels certain things in form of findings and informa tion. They are: 1. If compared to other brands of 5 star hotels present in India, such as Leela Palace, Oberoi Ashoka group, Hayat or ITC, Taj has a wide variety of options available for its customers. It is ready to provide all kinds of comfort, hygiene, satisfaction desired by its customers. It takes special care and attention of all its customers and tries to bring smile on to their faces and expect them to come and visit again to their hotel. . It has options available for its customers by a chain or group of hotels located in India and abroad. It covers almost all the major tourist destinations. 3. Taj has come up with a new idea with name Ginger hotels which is very economical and greatly praised. 4. Above some analysis that have been shown like marketing Ps, SWOT analysis, strategies, STPD and financial analysis which states that Taj Group of Hotels is performing well and there are several other opportunities which can still be exploited. 5.After the terrorist attack in Taj M ahal Palace in Mumbai the revenue generation of the Taj group went down as the crowd of foreign tourists dropped but now slowly it has again started arising 6. Some of the Hotels of Taj Group are Heritage sites, Palaces and Forts which is a plus point for Taj Group, People like to experience these sites by spending some days in Taj Hotels. Some of the palaces are situated in Jaipur and Jodhpur which are World Wide known tourist destinations. 7. Taj Group of Hotels is not having a strong hold in India but also in abroad.It has acquired many palaces and sites and have tie-ups with other big brands outside India. CONCLUSION The study showcased immense research on Taj Goup of Hotels in India. It gives a wide view about the hotel industry in India. It is a well known brand to everyone. It shows Taj has immense potential to grow and further expansion of its business. It also shows the growth in every wing they try to excel themselves through their good plans and strategies, besides excell ing themselves in the different wings the most important thing is that they have the social responsibility for the society through their different programs.